How to Create an Exhibit Index for Court
An exhibit index lists every piece of evidence you plan to introduce at trial — by number or letter, description, date, and sponsoring witness. Most courts require it as part of your pretrial disclosures.
- Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(3) requires exhibit lists to be served at least 30 days before trial in federal district court.
- California Rules of Court 3.1110 and 3.1302 require exhibits to be marked and exchanged with opposing counsel at least 30 days before trial.
- A complete exhibit index includes columns for Exhibit No., Description, Date, Sponsoring Witness, Number of Pages, and Admitted/Objected.
- A sponsoring witness is the person who will authenticate each exhibit at trial — the author, recipient, photographer, or records custodian.
- The Admitted/Objected column is left blank when the index is filed and is completed by the court clerk during trial proceedings.
- Objections to exhibits in federal court must be served within 14 days after receiving the opposing party's exhibit list under FRCP 26(a)(3).
- ExhibitPrep's Trial Binder mode auto-generates an exhibit index page with exhibit labels, titles, and page ranges when you combine exhibits into one PDF.
- Filing deadlines for exhibit lists vary by jurisdiction — some courts require submission with the joint pretrial statement, others require a separate filing.
See Trial Binder Mode in Action
Watch how ExhibitPrep auto-generates an exhibit index when you combine exhibits into a trial binder PDF.
Required Columns in a Court Exhibit Index
| Column | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Exhibit No. | P-1 or 1 | Numbers for plaintiffs, letters for defendants in most courts |
| Description | Employment Agreement dated 06/15/2023 | Concise and identifying — enough to locate the document |
| Date | 06/15/2023 | Use "N/D" for undated items |
| Sponsoring Witness | Jane Smith (CEO) | Person who will authenticate the exhibit at trial |
| # Pages | 3 | Required by many courts to estimate trial time |
| Admitted / Objected | (blank at filing) | Court clerk completes at trial — leave blank when you file |
Step-by-Step: Create Your Exhibit Index
List All Exhibits You Plan to Offer
Compile every document, photograph, recording, or other item you intend to introduce as evidence. Include all potential exhibits — you can remove items before trial, but courts typically require leave to add exhibits that are not on the list.
Assign Exhibit Numbers or Letters
Label each exhibit sequentially. In most courts, plaintiffs use numbers (1, 2, 3) and defendants use letters (A, B, C) per CRC 3.1110(c) and similar rules. Federal courts often use prefixes such as "PX-1" or "DX-A." Texas uses number blocks: plaintiffs 1–99, defendants 100–199.
Write a Brief Description for Each Exhibit
Enter a concise, identifying description — enough for the court and opposing counsel to locate and identify the document. Good examples: "Employment Agreement dated 06/15/2023," "Photograph of intersection looking north," "Medical records — St. Luke's Hospital (47 pages)."
Note the Date of Each Document
Record the document date. For undated items, use "N/D" or the approximate creation period. For photographs, use the date captured. Accurate dates help authenticate exhibits and place them within the timeline of events at issue.
Identify the Sponsoring Witness
Record which witness will authenticate or introduce each exhibit. A sponsoring witness is the person through whom the exhibit is offered — typically the author, recipient, photographer, or a custodian of records. Without a sponsoring witness, most exhibits cannot be admitted.
Format as a Table and File per Local Rules
Format the index as a table and file with your pretrial submissions. Under FRCP 26(a)(3), federal courts require the exhibit list at least 30 days before trial. California requires exchange under CRC 3.1302. Check your specific district or county for the exact deadline and filing format (standalone document, or part of the joint pretrial statement).
Auto-generate your exhibit index — no manual tables required
Upload your PDFs, add exhibit titles, and ExhibitPrep creates a combined PDF with a formatted index page automatically.
Federal vs. State Exhibit Index Requirements
Federal Courts (FRCP 26(a)(3))
- Exhibit list due at least 30 days before trial
- Objections due within 14 days of receiving the list
- Must identify each document or other exhibit, including summaries of other evidence
- Many districts use "PX-" prefix for plaintiff and "DX-" for defendant
- CM/ECF filing — typically attached to the joint pretrial order
State Courts (varies by jurisdiction)
- California: CRC 3.1110 and 3.1302 — exchange 30 days before trial
- Texas: TRCP 193.5 — supplement discovery 30 days before trial
- New York: CPLR 3101 — exhibit list exchanged at pretrial conference
- Florida: Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.200 — per case management order
- Always check local county rules — deadlines vary significantly
How ExhibitPrep Generates Your Exhibit Index
ExhibitPrep's Trial Binder mode automatically creates an exhibit index when you combine multiple PDFs into a single binder document. After uploading your exhibits:
- 1Exhibits are automatically assigned sequential labels (1, 2, 3 or A, B, C) based on your template selection.
- 2You can add exhibit titles (descriptions) directly in the document list — just click the edit icon.
- 3Drag and drop to reorder exhibits; labels reassign automatically.
- 4When you download, a formatted index page is prepended to the combined PDF listing each exhibit by label, title, and page range.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is an exhibit index?
An exhibit index (also called an exhibit list) is a table filed with the court that lists every piece of evidence a party intends to introduce at trial. Each row typically identifies the exhibit number or letter, a brief description of the document, the document date, the sponsoring witness, and the page count. Courts use the exhibit index to track evidence, rule on objections, and maintain the record.
What columns are required in a court exhibit index?
Most courts require at minimum: (1) Exhibit Number or Letter, (2) Description, (3) Date of Document, and (4) Sponsoring Witness. Many courts also require (5) Number of Pages and (6) an Admitted/Objected column that is left blank when filed and completed by the clerk at trial. Federal courts under FRCP 26(a)(3) require exhibit identification sufficient for opposing counsel to evaluate the exhibit.
When is the exhibit index due in federal court?
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(3), each party must provide pretrial disclosures, including the exhibit list, at least 30 days before trial unless the court orders otherwise. Objections to exhibits must then be served within 14 days after the exhibit list is served. Some federal districts require the exhibit list earlier as part of the pretrial order — always check the district's local rules.
What is a sponsoring witness for an exhibit?
A sponsoring witness is the person through whom an exhibit is introduced and authenticated at trial. For a contract, the sponsoring witness might be the person who signed it. For a photograph, the person who took or is depicted in the photo. For business records, it is typically the custodian of records. An exhibit generally cannot be admitted without a sponsoring witness who can authenticate it, unless the parties stipulate to its admission.
Does California require an exhibit list?
Yes. California Rules of Court 3.1110 requires that exhibits be marked before trial and that a list of exhibits be exchanged between parties. Under CRC 3.1302, exhibits that are not provided to opposing counsel at least 30 days before trial may be excluded at trial. Some California counties require the exhibit list to be filed with the court as a standalone document.
Can ExhibitPrep auto-generate an exhibit index?
Yes. ExhibitPrep's Trial Binder mode automatically generates a table of contents when you combine exhibits into a single PDF. You can add exhibit titles (descriptions) to each document, and the combined PDF will include a formatted index page listing each exhibit by number or letter, title, and page range. This replaces manual creation of the exhibit index document for most use cases.
Free Exhibit Index Template
Plaintiff (numbered) + Defendant (lettered) · Ready to fill in · PDF
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