- California Rules of Court 3.1110 (CRC 3.1110) (opens in a new tab)
General format of California motion papers, including pagination and exhibit presentation
- Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.280 (Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.280) (opens in a new tab)
Florida discovery and exhibit requirements
Source links open in a new tab.
State Exhibit Requirements Comparison
Compare exhibit marking conventions, exchange deadlines, and e-filing systems across all 50 states. Find your state's requirements instantly.
- In most states, plaintiffs mark exhibits with numbers (1, 2, 3) and defendants with letters (A, B, C) — though in about a dozen states this is prevailing practice set by pretrial order rather than statewide rule.
- Oregon assigns each party a block of exhibit numbers — plaintiffs use 1-99 and defendants 101-199 — instead of the numbers-versus-letters convention.
- Texas has no statewide exhibit marking rule: party-prefixed numbers such as P-1 and D-1 are the most common practice, with the format set by each court's docket control or pretrial order.
- In New Jersey cases that have not been pretried, attorneys must exchange exhibit information seven days before the initial trial date unless the parties waive it by written consent.
- Texas requires pretrial disclosure of exhibits at least 30 days before trial under TRCP 194.4, unless the court orders otherwise.
- Many states, including California and Florida, set exhibit deadlines through county rules or the judge's scheduling order rather than one fixed statewide date.
- E-filing systems vary by state and county: Texas mandates statewide e-filing through eFileTexas, while most California counties route filings through Odyssey eFileCA via an approved e-filing service provider.
Standard Convention
Most states use numbers for plaintiffs and letters for defendants — often as prevailing practice rather than rule. Oregon assigns number blocks instead.
Most Common Deadline
Many states set exhibit exchange through the judge's scheduling order; and fixed statewide deadlines, where they exist, vary by state.
E-Filing Status
E-filing is mandatory or available in many states, but systems and requirements vary by county.
| State | Plaintiff Exhibits | Defendant Exhibits | Exchange Deadline | E-Filing System |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Set by the court's scheduling or pretrial order | AlaFile |
| Alaska | Numbers from 1 (yellow sticker) | Letters from A (blue sticker) | List served before trial; filed with in-court clerk at start of trial | TrueFiling |
| Arizona | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Confirm the exhibit deadline in the assigned judge's scheduling or… | AZTurboCourt |
| Arkansas | P-1, P-2... | D-1, D-2... | No fixed statewide deadline confirmed | eFlex |
| California | Tool default: numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Tool default: letters (A, B, C...) | Los Angeles: at least five days before the final status conference | Court by court: a superior court may require civil e-filing by local… |
| Colorado | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Proposed Trial Management Order filed no later than 28 days before… | Colorado Courts E-Filing |
| Connecticut | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Civil trials: the List of Exhibits | Connecticut Judicial Branch E-Services |
| Delaware | Superior Court: pre-marked per trial order | Superior Court: pre-marked per trial order | Set by the Superior Court trial scheduling order | File & ServeXpress |
| Florida | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Check your case order and the rules for your proceeding | Florida Courts E-Filing Portal |
| Georgia | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) — ExhibitPrep default; confirm | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) — ExhibitPrep default; confirm | Exhibit list goes in the pre-trial order, if one is ordered (USCR 7.2) | eFileGA |
| Hawaii | Circuit Court: marked for identification before trial (RCCH Rule 18) | Circuit Court: marked for identification before trial (RCCH Rule 18) | Unless the court orders otherwise | JEFS (Judiciary Electronic Filing System) |
| Idaho | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Set by court order: under IRCP 16(d) the court may order the parties to… | Idaho File and Serve |
| Illinois | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Set by court order or local rule — confirm the assigned judge's order | eFileIL |
| Indiana | Numbers (ExhibitPrep default) | Numbers (ExhibitPrep default) | Ten days or more before the pre-trial conference unless ordered otherwise | Indiana E-Filing System (IEFS) |
| Iowa | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | At least 14 days before trial (7-day floor) | Iowa EDMS (Electronic Document Management System) |
| Kansas | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | Set by the pretrial order under K.S.A. 60-216 — confirm | Kansas eCourt |
| Kentucky | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | Check your case order and applicable rules | Kentucky Court of Justice eFiling system |
| Louisiana | P-1, P-2, P-3... | D-1, D-2, D-3... | Set locally under District Court Rule 9.14 — confirm the judge's order | eClerksLA |
| Maine | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | Set by the court's pretrial order | eFileMaine |
| Maryland | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | Unless the court directs otherwise | MDEC (Maryland Electronic Courts), via Odyssey File & Serve |
| Massachusetts | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Joint list of agreed exhibits and list of contested exhibits due no… | eFileMA |
| Michigan | P-1, P-2 (tool default) — confirm with the judge | D-1, D-2 (tool default) — confirm with the judge | Set by the court's scheduling or final pretrial order | MiFILE |
| Minnesota | Single numeric series, no prefix | Same numeric series, no prefix | Set by the court's scheduling order | Designated Provider's E-Filing System (General Rule of Practice 14.01) |
| Mississippi | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Set by the court's pretrial order, if any | MEC (Mississippi Electronic Courts) |
| Missouri | P-1, P-2, P-3... | D-1, D-2, D-3... | Set by the assigned judge's order — confirm with the clerk | Show-Me Courts |
| Montana | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | Exhibit lists are attached to the pre-trial order | Montana Courts E-Filing |
| Nebraska | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) — tool default; confirm locally | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) — tool default; confirm locally | Set by the assigned judge's order — confirm with the clerk | Nebraska Judicial Branch eFiling |
| Nevada | Numbers (1, 2, 3...) | Letters (A, B, C...) | At least 30 days before trial unless the court orders otherwise | Odyssey File & Serve (Eighth Judicial District Court, Clark County) |
| New Hampshire | P-1, P-2... (tool default) | D-1, D-2... (tool default) | In jury cases, Pretrial Statements listing exhibits are due 14 days… | File & Serve (attorneys); TurboCourt (self-represented filers) |
| New Jersey | Premarked for identification (Appendix XXIII) | Premarked for identification (Appendix XXIII) | Seven days before the initial trial date, unless waived in writing | eCourts |
| New Mexico | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | Exhibit list filed by the date set in the Rule 1-016 NMRA scheduling… | eFile & Serve |
| New York | Numbers (numerically tabbed) | Letters (alphabetically tabbed) | Exhibits are pre-marked before trial begins unless the court directs… | NYSCEF |
| North Carolina | P-1, P-2 (tool default; confirm the pre-trial order) | D-1, D-2 (tool default; confirm the pre-trial order) | Civil pre-trial conference held not later than seven days before trial | eCourts |
| North Dakota | P1, P2, P3... | D50, D51... (tool default) | Per the scheduling order (N.D.R.Civ.P. 16) | Odyssey electronic filing system (district courts) |
| Ohio | Tool default PX-1, PX-2… — confirm with the judge | Tool default DX-A, DX-B… — confirm with the judge | Set by the court's Civ.R. 16 timetable — confirm the judge's order | Set by each court's order or local rule (Ohio Civ.R. 5(E)) |
| Oklahoma | Marked and listed in the pretrial order (Rule 5) | Marked and listed in the pretrial order (Rule 5) | Set by the scheduling order | Oklahoma Unified Case Management System (OUCMS) |
| Oregon | Numbers 1 through 99 (UTCR 6.080) | Numbers 101 through 199 (UTCR 6.080) | Premarked exhibit list submitted as ordered by the assigned judge | File & Serve |
| Pennsylvania | P-1, P-2 (tool default — confirm local rule) | D-1, D-2 (tool default — confirm local rule) | Jury civil cases: plaintiff sixty, defendant thirty days before earliest trial date (Pa.R.C.P. 212.1(b)) | Permitted or required by local rule (Pa.R.C.P. 205.4(a)(1)) |
| Rhode Island | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | Superior Court Civil Rule 16 fixes no exhibit-exchange date | Rhode Island Judiciary Electronic Filing System |
| South Carolina | Reporter marks party and exhibit number; P- is tool default | Reporter marks party and exhibit number; D- is tool default | SCRCP 16 sets no fixed date | South Carolina E-Filing (Tybera) |
| South Dakota | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | SDCL 15-6-16 sets no exhibit date; see the scheduling order — confirm | eFileSD (Tyler Technologies) for attorneys |
| Tennessee | P- prefix (tool default) — confirm with the court | D- prefix (tool default) — confirm with the court | Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 16 fixes no exhibit-exchange date | Available in some trial courts approved for e-filing |
| Texas | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Check Rule 194 scope and your case order before setting the disclosure… | eFileTexas |
| Utah | Commonly P-1, P-2... | Commonly D-1, D-2... | At least 28 days before trial (URCP 26(a)(5)(B)) | District court eFiling through a certified Electronic Filing Service… |
| Vermont | Numbers (Vermont e-filing exhibit guidance) | Letters (Vermont e-filing exhibit guidance) | Set by the scheduling order under V.R.C.P | eFile & Serve (eFileVT) |
| Virginia | Marking convention not fixed by statewide rule - confirm locally | Confirm defense exhibit marking with the court | Under the Uniform Pretrial Scheduling Order: exhibit and witness lists… | VJEFS (Virginia Judiciary eFiling System) for most civil cases in… |
| Washington | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Confirm the assigned court’s labels | Check your case order and applicable rules | Check filing and exhibit delivery with your court |
| West Virginia | P-1, P-2... (ExhibitPrep default) | D-1, D-2... (ExhibitPrep default) | Unless the court orders otherwise | WV E-File for circuit and family courts |
| Wisconsin | Tool default P-1, P-2 — confirm with the court | Tool default D-1, D-2 — confirm with the court | Set by the scheduling or pretrial order | Wisconsin circuit court eFiling (Wisconsin Court System eFile/eCourts) |
| Wyoming | Numbers by default — confirm the scheduling order | Letters by default — confirm the scheduling order | Set by the scheduling or pretrial order entered under W.R.C.P | Wyoming Judicial Branch eFiling for the trial courts |
Data current as of January 2026. Always verify with your specific court for the most current requirements.
Exceptions Worth Knowing
Oregon assigns each party a block of exhibit numbers — plaintiffs use 1-99 and defendants 101-199 — so both sides use numbers without overlap. Several states, including Washington, run one joint numbered sequence for all parties. Each Texas court's docket control or pretrial order controls the exhibit labeling format. Confirm the assigned court's convention before stamping.
Stamp Exhibits for Any State
ExhibitPrep includes templates for all 50 states with correct labeling conventions. Select your state and party type, and exhibits are stamped correctly automatically.
Start Stamping NowFree to preview • Purchase when ready to save
Before you file
ExhibitPrep formats documents. It does not provide legal advice, submit filings, or determine whether evidence is admissible or a filing meets court requirements.
Some guidance has not been verified against current official sources. A citation supports only its stated claim and scope. Compare the finished PDF with current court instructions and orders in your case. Follow the filing review checklist.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which states require plaintiff exhibits to use numbers vs letters?
Most states follow the convention of plaintiffs using numbers (1, 2, 3) and defendants using letters (A, B, C), though in about a dozen states that convention is prevailing practice set by pretrial order rather than statewide rule. Notable exceptions: Oregon assigns each party a block of numbers (plaintiff 1-99, defendant 101-199), several states such as Washington use one joint numbered sequence for all parties, and Texas prescribes no format at all — party-prefixed numbers like P-1 and D-1 are simply the most common practice. Always verify with your specific court.
What is the typical exhibit exchange deadline?
There is no single typical deadline — many states set exhibit exchange through the judge's scheduling or pretrial order rather than a fixed statewide date. Deadlines vary by court; for example, Texas requires disclosure at least 30 days before trial under TRCP 194.4 unless the court orders otherwise. Check your specific jurisdiction and case scheduling order.
Do all states require e-filing for exhibits?
E-filing requirements vary by state and often by county within states. Texas requires attorneys to e-file in courts where electronic filing has been mandated, under TRCP 21(f)(1). California varies by county, with most courts routing filings through Odyssey eFileCA via an approved e-filing service provider. Some rural counties in states like Ohio and Louisiana still accept paper filings. Check your specific court requirements—e-filing may be mandatory, optional, or unavailable depending on location.
Are exhibit marking conventions the same in state and federal courts?
No. Federal courts follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) and Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), which may differ from state conventions. Federal courts typically use sequential numbering for both parties with different prefixes (PX for plaintiff, DX for defendant). State courts more commonly use numbers for plaintiffs and letters for defendants. Always check the specific court rules where your case is pending.
How do I find my specific court exhibit requirements?
Start with your state court website for statewide rules, then check local court rules for your specific county or district. Many courts publish exhibit guidelines in standing orders or pretrial checklists. When in doubt, call the court clerk. ExhibitPrep offers state-specific guides for California, Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, and other major jurisdictions with detailed local requirements.