Certified Copy
A copy of a document authenticated by an official custodian as a true and accurate copy of the original.
What You Need to Know
A certified copy includes an authorized certification about the copy. Federal Rule of Evidence 902(4) addresses certified copies of public records. Meeting an authentication rule does not establish relevance, resolve hearsay, or guarantee admission. A stamp you add yourself does not supply an official certification.
Put this into practice
Use the step-by-step help to prepare and check your files. Definitions explain the terms; the rules and orders for your matter determine what is required.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How do I obtain a certified copy of a public record?
Request certification from the authorized custodian or issuing office. Ask what identifying information, fees, format, and processing time apply. Keep the certification with the record and confirm any requirements for the proceeding.
What makes a certified copy self-authenticating under FRE 902?
Rule 902(4) concerns a copy of an official record or an authorized public-office filing certified as correct by the custodian or another authorized person, or by a qualifying certificate. Read the rule for the permitted routes. Self-authentication does not resolve all other objections to admission.
Can I use a certified copy instead of the original document at trial?
Federal Rule of Evidence 1005 permits certain copies to prove the content of an official record or an authorized public-office filing when its conditions are met. Check the certification or comparison route and the other admissibility requirements. Do not assume that any document labeled certified qualifies.
When It's Used
Self-authenticating under FRE 902, no additional foundation required
Example
"A death certificate with a county clerk's seal certifying it's a true copy."
References to check
Related Terms
Authentication
The process of proving that evidence is what it purports to be before it can be admitted at trial.
Admissibility
Whether evidence meets legal requirements to be presented to the judge or jury.
Foundation
The preliminary showing required before evidence can be admitted. Establishes relevance, authenticity, and reliability.
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