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Legal authority cited:
  • California exhibit marking and exchange rule (CRC 3.1110) (CRC 3.1110)

    Governs exhibit marking, exchange deadlines, and disclosure for criminal defense cases in California courts.

Criminal DefenseCalifornia

Criminal Defense Exhibits in California

The discovery is in: arrest and supplemental reports, body-camera stills, witness statements and a forensic report. The suppression motion needs a defense exhibit set, marked as yours and not the prosecution's, and nothing in the file can leave your office.

Complete guide to preparing criminal defense exhibits that comply with California court requirements. Learn the correct labeling conventions, exchange deadlines, and e-filing procedures.

California criminal defense exhibit facts at a glance
  • California's primary rule governing exhibit preparation is CRC 3.1110.
  • Plaintiffs in California label exhibits with Numbers (1, 2, 3...).
  • Defendants in California label exhibits with Letters (A, B, C...).
  • California courts require electronic exhibits to be filed through Court by court: a superior court may require civil e-filing by local….
  • Exhibits must be exchanged with opposing counsel 30 days before trial (varies by county) under CRC 3.1110.
  • Common criminal defense exhibits in California include police reports, body camera footage, witness statements.
  • ExhibitPrep applies California exhibit stamps entirely in the browser, so criminal defense case files never leave the user's computer.
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What goes wrong with criminal defense exhibits, and how it is handled

  • What goes wrongDefense exhibits need a defense label that does not reuse the prosecution's numbering.

    How ExhibitPrep handles itThe Plaintiff's, Defendant's, Petitioner's, Respondent's and Defense Exhibit templates name the side in the stamp header; the label sequence, and any prefix such as D- or PX-, are set once and applied to every exhibit in the set.

  • What goes wrongDiscovery includes a phone extraction's message export, and the court needs the exchange as a readable, dated exhibit rather than a spreadsheet.

    How ExhibitPrep handles itPhone screenshots become PDF pages like any image; an RSMF message export from a collection or review tool renders to a transcript instead — every message with its time, sender and account identifier, deleted and edited messages marked, the export's hash on the first page — and is then stamped in the same sequence as everything else.

  • What goes wrongThe case file is privileged and cannot be uploaded to be stamped.

    How ExhibitPrep handles itDocument bytes are processed locally in your browser and are not uploaded to our servers.

  • What goes wrongDiscovery produced as one long PDF needs page references that carry across the set.

    How ExhibitPrep handles itBates numbering adds page numbers with the prefix, starting number and zero padding you set — ABC-001 onward — and the count continues across the documents in a set or restarts in each file.

Essential tools for criminal defense exhibits

California Exhibit Requirements at a Glance

Plaintiff ExhibitsNumbers (1, 2, 3...)
Defendant ExhibitsLetters (A, B, C...)
Exchange Deadline30 days before trial (varies by county)
Primary RuleCRC 3.1110
E-Filing SystemCourt by court: a superior court may require civil e-filing by local…

Common Criminal Defense Exhibits

Police Reports

Arrest reports, incident reports, supplemental reports. For California e-filing on Court by court: a superior court may require civil e-filing by local…, confirm the current file-size cap (Confirm the limit with the court and its e-filing service provider) before uploading.

Body Camera Footage

Screenshots and stills from body-worn cameras

Witness Statements

Prosecution and defense witness statements

Expert Reports

Forensic analysis, DNA experts, medical examinations

Character Evidence

Letters, employment records, community ties

Physical Evidence Photos

Photographs of physical evidence items

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California-Specific Considerations

  • Proposition 47/57 affects felony charging
  • Three strikes law requires careful exhibit review
  • Realignment impacts sentencing exhibits
  • SB 1437 felony murder reform considerations

How to Prepare Your Exhibits

1

Gather Your Documents

Collect all documents relevant to your criminal defense case. This typically includes police reports, body camera footage, witness statements, and other supporting evidence.

2

Convert to PDF

Convert all documents to PDF format. California courts require electronic exhibits to be filed via Court by court: a superior court may require civil e-filing by local…. Scan paper documents at 300 DPI.

3

Apply Exhibit Labels

Use ExhibitPrep to add exhibit stamps for California filing review. Plaintiffs commonly use Numbers (1, 2, 3...), while defendants commonly use Letters (A, B, C...); verify the governing rules.

4

Exchange with Opposing Counsel

Exchange your exhibit list and copies with opposing counsel 30 days before trial (varies by county) per CRC 3.1110.

Save Hours on Exhibit Preparation

ExhibitPrep stamps all your criminal defense exhibits in minutes, not hours. Upload your documents, select the correct California template, and download court-ready exhibits.

Frequently Asked Questions

How should I label criminal defense exhibits in California?

Use Numbers (1, 2, 3...) for plaintiff exhibits and Letters (A, B, C...) for defense exhibits, per CRC 3.1110. Most California counties color-code exhibit stickers: yellow for plaintiffs and petitioners, blue for defendants and respondents. ExhibitPrep's Criminal Defense templates apply the right prefix automatically, so you're not re-deriving the local convention on every filing.

When do I have to exchange criminal defense exhibits in California?

California sets the exhibit exchange window at 30 days before trial (varies by county) under CRC 3.1110, though the exact date can shift with your assigned judge's scheduling order. Confirm the deadline in your case's pretrial order before you start stamping, then batch-process the full criminal defense production in one ExhibitPrep session once it's locked in.

What e-filing system handles criminal defense exhibits in California?

California runs electronic filing through Court by court: a superior court may require civil e-filing by local…. Check the current upload cap before filing (Confirm the limit with the court and its e-filing service provider), export each exhibit as a text-searchable PDF, and split any long police reports into separate files so a single scanned record doesn't blow past the limit.

What exhibits come up most in a California criminal defense case?

Criminal Defense matters in California typically turn on police reports, body camera footage, witness statements, plus whatever case-specific records the dispute calls for. Proposition 47/57 affects felony charging. Stamp them all inside ExhibitPrep using the matching plaintiff or defense template, so every exhibit in the production carries a consistent, consistent exhibit mark before it goes to opposing counsel.

Can I stamp a large criminal defense production for California courts?

Yes. The Day Pass ($14.99) gives you unlimited stamping for 24 hours, which covers hundreds of exhibits in a single criminal defense case. Processing runs entirely in your browser, so your California case files never leave your computer. That matters here because e-filing upload caps (Confirm the limit with the court and its e-filing service provider) often force a large production into multiple separate uploads.

Related Resources

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ExhibitPrep formats documents; it does not provide legal advice or filing approval. Some guidance remains unverified. Citations support only their stated claims and scope. Review the finished files against current court instructions and case orders before filing. Check requirements and the finished PDF before filing.